X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. In a healthcare setting, a machine sends individual X-ray particles, called photons through the body. A computer is used to record the images that are created.
When X-rays strike a piece of photographic film, they can produce a picture. Structures that are dense (such as bone) will appear white because they will block most of the X-ray particles. Metal and contrast media (special dye used to highlight areas of the body) will also appear white. Structures containing air will be black. Muscle, fat, and fluid will appear as shades of gray.
Preparing for your X-ray
X-rays typically do not require any special preparation. Because radiation is involved, it is important to inform the technologist prior to the exam if you are or might be pregnant.
If abdominal studies are planned and you have had a barium contrast study (such as a barium enema, upper GI series or barium swallow), or if you have taken medications containing bismuth (such as Pepto-Bismol) in the last four days, the test may be delayed until the contrast has fully passed.
The procedure
The positioning of your body, the X-ray machine, and film depends on the type of study and area of interest. Multiple individual views may be required. Much like conventional photography, motion causes blurry images on radiographs. For this reason, you may be asked to hold your breath or not move during the brief exposure (about 1 second). There is no discomfort from X-ray exposure, although during the exam it may be necessary for you to sit in an uncomfortable position for a short period of time.
Do X-rays pose a health risk?
For most people, health risks from X-ray exposure are extremely low. Young children and developing fetuses, however, are more sensitive to the risks of X-rays. Women should tell healthcare providers about suspected pregnancy before being exposed to X-rays. Please ask your technologist or doctor if you have any questions or concerns.